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it met with general approval

  • 1 General

    1. adjective

    his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen

    he has had a good general education — er hat eine gute Allgemeinbildung

    2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]

    it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch

    3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generell

    as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen

    4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]

    the general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...

    2. noun
    (Mil.) General, der
    * * *
    ['‹enərəl] 1. adjective
    1) (of, involving etc all, most or very many people, things etc: The general feeling is that he is stupid; His general knowledge is good although he is not good at mathematics.) allgemein
    2) (covering a large number of cases: a general rule.) allgemein
    3) (without details: I'll just give you a general idea of the plan.) allgemein
    4) ((as part of an official title) chief: the Postmaster General.) General-...
    2. noun
    (in the British army, (a person of) the rank next below field marshal: General Smith.) der General
    - academic.ru/30756/generalize">generalize
    - generalise
    - generalization
    - generalisation
    - generally
    - General Certificate of Education
    - general election
    - general practitioner
    - general store
    - as a general rule
    - in general
    - the general public
    * * *
    gen·er·al
    [ˈʤenərəl]
    I. adj
    1. (widespread) allgemein; rain verbreitet
    the confusion was \general es herrschte allgemeine Verwirrung
    the \general feeling das vorherrschende Gefühl
    a \general idea eine verbreitete Vorstellung
    \general impression Gesamteindruck m
    to be of \general interest von allgemeinem Interesse sein
    it is \general practice to do sth es ist allgemein üblich, etw zu tun
    the \general reader der Durchschnittsleser/die Durchschnittsleserin
    as a \general rule in der Regel, im Allgemeinen, normalerweise
    to be in \general use allgemein benutzt [o gebraucht] werden
    in \general im Allgemeinen, generell
    2. (for everybody) allgemein, generell
    most of the soldiers lived in \general quarters die meisten Soldaten lebten in der Kaserne
    most of the books in this library are available for \general circulation die meisten Bücher dieser Bücherei können von jedem ausgeliehen werden
    \general amnesty Generalamnestie f
    \general meeting Vollversammlung f
    \general mobilization Generalmobilmachung f
    for \general use für den allgemeinen [o normalen] Gebrauch
    to serve the \general welfare im öffentlichen Interesse sein
    3. (unspecific) allgemein
    \general American AM LING die amerikanische Standardsprache
    \general cargo Stückgut nt, Partiefracht f fachspr
    \general costs allgemeine Kosten
    \general semantics LING allgemeine Semantik
    4. (wide) allgemein
    the school gives the children a \general background die Schule vermittelt den Kindern einen allgemeinen Hintergrund
    \general education Ausbildung f in den Standardfächern
    5. (not detailed) allgemein
    \general idea ungefähre Vorstellung
    to talk in \general terms [nur] allgemein gültige Aussagen machen, nichts Spezifisches sagen
    6. attr (main) General-
    \general comptroller Hauptrechnungsprüfer(in) m(f)
    \general consulate Generalkonsulat nt
    \general contractor Hauptunternehmer(in) m(f)
    7. after n (in titles)
    Attorney G\general Generalstaatsanwalt, -anwältin m, f
    Consul G\general Generalkonsul(in) m(f)
    Surgeon G\general AM Gesundheitsminister(in) m(f)
    II. n MIL General(in) m(f)
    \general in the Salvation Army General(in) m(f) der Heilsarmee f
    four-star \general Viersternegeneral(in) m(f)
    * * *
    ['dZenərəl]
    1. adj
    allgemein

    the general attitude toward(s) the war is optimistic — es herrscht allgemein eine optimistische Einstellung zum Krieg

    to be in general use —

    the general plan or idea is that... — wir hatten uns/sie hatten sich (dat) etc das so gedacht, dass...

    the general idea of that is to... — damit soll bezweckt werden, dass..., es geht dabei darum, dass...

    that was the general idea —

    the general idea is to wait and see — wir/sie etc wollen einfach mal abwarten

    I've got the general idea (of it) — ich habe eine Vorstellung or ich weiß so ungefähr, worum es geht

    in general terms, in a general sense — generell

    she recounted in very general terms the events of recent months —

    my general advice would be to leave them alone — grundsätzlich würde ich Ihnen raten, sie in Ruhe zu lassen

    general labourer — ungelernter Arbeiter, ungelernte Arbeiterin

    general drudge — Mädchen nt für alles

    2. n
    1)
    2) (MIL) General(in) m(f)
    * * *
    Gen. abk
    1. MIL General
    2. BIBEL Genesis
    * * *
    1. adjective

    his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen

    2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]

    it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch

    3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generell

    as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen

    4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]

    the general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...

    2. noun
    (Mil.) General, der
    * * *
    adj.
    Haupt- präfix.
    allgemein adj.
    generell adj.
    pauschal adj.

    English-german dictionary > General

  • 2 general

    1. adjective

    his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen

    he has had a good general education — er hat eine gute Allgemeinbildung

    2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]

    it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch

    3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generell

    as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen

    4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]

    the general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...

    2. noun
    (Mil.) General, der
    * * *
    ['‹enərəl] 1. adjective
    1) (of, involving etc all, most or very many people, things etc: The general feeling is that he is stupid; His general knowledge is good although he is not good at mathematics.) allgemein
    2) (covering a large number of cases: a general rule.) allgemein
    3) (without details: I'll just give you a general idea of the plan.) allgemein
    4) ((as part of an official title) chief: the Postmaster General.) General-...
    2. noun
    (in the British army, (a person of) the rank next below field marshal: General Smith.) der General
    - academic.ru/30756/generalize">generalize
    - generalise
    - generalization
    - generalisation
    - generally
    - General Certificate of Education
    - general election
    - general practitioner
    - general store
    - as a general rule
    - in general
    - the general public
    * * *
    gen·er·al
    [ˈʤenərəl]
    I. adj
    1. (widespread) allgemein; rain verbreitet
    the confusion was \general es herrschte allgemeine Verwirrung
    the \general feeling das vorherrschende Gefühl
    a \general idea eine verbreitete Vorstellung
    \general impression Gesamteindruck m
    to be of \general interest von allgemeinem Interesse sein
    it is \general practice to do sth es ist allgemein üblich, etw zu tun
    the \general reader der Durchschnittsleser/die Durchschnittsleserin
    as a \general rule in der Regel, im Allgemeinen, normalerweise
    to be in \general use allgemein benutzt [o gebraucht] werden
    in \general im Allgemeinen, generell
    2. (for everybody) allgemein, generell
    most of the soldiers lived in \general quarters die meisten Soldaten lebten in der Kaserne
    most of the books in this library are available for \general circulation die meisten Bücher dieser Bücherei können von jedem ausgeliehen werden
    \general amnesty Generalamnestie f
    \general meeting Vollversammlung f
    \general mobilization Generalmobilmachung f
    for \general use für den allgemeinen [o normalen] Gebrauch
    to serve the \general welfare im öffentlichen Interesse sein
    3. (unspecific) allgemein
    \general American AM LING die amerikanische Standardsprache
    \general cargo Stückgut nt, Partiefracht f fachspr
    \general costs allgemeine Kosten
    \general semantics LING allgemeine Semantik
    4. (wide) allgemein
    the school gives the children a \general background die Schule vermittelt den Kindern einen allgemeinen Hintergrund
    \general education Ausbildung f in den Standardfächern
    5. (not detailed) allgemein
    \general idea ungefähre Vorstellung
    to talk in \general terms [nur] allgemein gültige Aussagen machen, nichts Spezifisches sagen
    6. attr (main) General-
    \general comptroller Hauptrechnungsprüfer(in) m(f)
    \general consulate Generalkonsulat nt
    \general contractor Hauptunternehmer(in) m(f)
    7. after n (in titles)
    Attorney G\general Generalstaatsanwalt, -anwältin m, f
    Consul G\general Generalkonsul(in) m(f)
    Surgeon G\general AM Gesundheitsminister(in) m(f)
    II. n MIL General(in) m(f)
    \general in the Salvation Army General(in) m(f) der Heilsarmee f
    four-star \general Viersternegeneral(in) m(f)
    * * *
    ['dZenərəl]
    1. adj
    allgemein

    the general attitude toward(s) the war is optimistic — es herrscht allgemein eine optimistische Einstellung zum Krieg

    to be in general use —

    the general plan or idea is that... — wir hatten uns/sie hatten sich (dat) etc das so gedacht, dass...

    the general idea of that is to... — damit soll bezweckt werden, dass..., es geht dabei darum, dass...

    that was the general idea —

    the general idea is to wait and see — wir/sie etc wollen einfach mal abwarten

    I've got the general idea (of it) — ich habe eine Vorstellung or ich weiß so ungefähr, worum es geht

    in general terms, in a general sense — generell

    she recounted in very general terms the events of recent months —

    my general advice would be to leave them alone — grundsätzlich würde ich Ihnen raten, sie in Ruhe zu lassen

    general labourer — ungelernter Arbeiter, ungelernte Arbeiterin

    general drudge — Mädchen nt für alles

    2. n
    1)
    2) (MIL) General(in) m(f)
    * * *
    general [ˈdʒenərəl]
    A adj (adv → generally)
    1. allgemein, gemeinschaftlich, Gemeinschafts…
    2. allgemein (gebräuchlich oder verbreitet), allgemeingültig, üblich, gängig:
    the general practice das übliche Verfahren;
    as a general rule meistens, üblicherweise;
    it seems to be the general rule es scheint allgemein üblich zu sein
    3. allgemein, Allgemein…, generell, umfassend:
    general education ( oder knowledge) Allgemeinbildung f;
    the general public die breite Öffentlichkeit, die Allgemeinheit;
    general term Allgemeinbegriff m;
    of general interest von allgemeinem Interesse
    4. allgemein, nicht spezialisiert:
    the general reader der Durchschnittsleser;
    general store Gemischtwarenhandlung f
    5. allgemein (gehalten) (Studie etc):
    in general terms allgemein (ausgedrückt)
    6. ganz, gesamt:
    general classification SPORT Gesamtklassement n;
    the general body of citizens die gesamte Bürgerschaft
    7. ungefähr, unbestimmt:
    a general idea eine ungefähre Vorstellung
    8. Haupt…, General…:
    a) Generalbevollmächtigte(r) m/f(m),
    b) WIRTSCH Generalvertreter(in);
    general manager Generaldirektor m;
    general power of attorney Generalvollmacht f;
    general sales manager Verkaufsleiter m
    10. MIL Generals…
    B s
    1. MIL
    a) General m
    b) Heerführer m, Feldherr m
    c) auch allg Stratege m
    2. MIL US
    a) (Vier-Sterne-)General m (zweithöchster Generalsrang)
    b) General of the Army Fünf-Sterne-General m (höchster Generalsrang)
    3. REL (Ordens)General m, (General)Obere(r) m
    4. “General” (als Überschrift) „Allgemeines“;
    in general im Allgemeinen, im Großen und Ganzen
    5. the general obs die breite Öffentlichkeit, die Allgemeinheit
    gen. abk
    2. general (generally)
    3. LING genitive
    4. BIOL genus
    * * *
    1. adjective

    his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen

    2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]

    it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch

    3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generell

    as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen

    4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]

    the general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...

    2. noun
    (Mil.) General, der
    * * *
    adj.
    Haupt- präfix.
    allgemein adj.
    generell adj.
    pauschal adj.

    English-german dictionary > general

  • 3 meet with

    v.
    • hallar v.
    v + prep + o
    a) \<\<opposition/hostility\>\> ser* recibido con

    to meet with success — tener* éxito

    b) ( meet) (AmE) encontrarse* con
    VI + PREP
    1) (=experience) [+ hostility] experimentar; [+ difficulties] encontrarse con, tropezar con; [+ kindness] encontrarse con; [+ accident] tener, sufrir; [+ success] tener
    2) (esp US) [+ person] (by arrangement) quedarse con, verse con; (by chance) encontrarse con, tropezarse con; (formally) reunirse con; [+ politician, ambassador] entrevistarse con, reunirse con
    * * *
    v + prep + o
    a) \<\<opposition/hostility\>\> ser* recibido con

    to meet with success — tener* éxito

    b) ( meet) (AmE) encontrarse* con

    English-spanish dictionary > meet with

  • 4 meet

    meet [mi:t]
    rencontrer ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (h), 1 (i) retrouver ⇒ 1 (b) rejoindre ⇒ 1 (b) attendre ⇒ 1 (c) aller/venir chercher ⇒ 1 (c) faire la connaissance de ⇒ 1 (e) satisfaire ⇒ 1 (f) régler ⇒ 1 (g) accueillir ⇒ 1 (j) se rencontrer ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (c), 2 (e)-(g) se retrouver ⇒ 2 (b) se rejoindre ⇒ 2 (b) faire connaissance ⇒ 2 (c) se réunir ⇒ 2 (d)
    (pt & pp met [met])
    (a) (by chance) rencontrer;
    ∎ guess who I met this morning devine qui j'ai rencontré ce matin;
    ∎ to meet sb on the stairs croiser qn dans l'escalier;
    ∎ familiar fancy meeting you here! je ne m'attendais pas à te trouver ici!□
    (b) (by arrangement) retrouver, rejoindre;
    ∎ I'll meet you on the platform in twenty minutes je te retrouve sur le quai dans vingt minutes;
    ∎ I'll meet you after work je te retrouverai après le travail;
    ∎ I'm meeting Gregory this afternoon j'ai rendez-vous avec Gregory cet après-midi;
    ∎ the train meets the ferry at Dover le train assure la correspondance avec le ferry à Douvres
    (c) (wait for, collect) attendre, aller ou venir chercher;
    ∎ nobody was at the station to meet me personne ne m'attendait à la gare;
    ∎ I'll be there to meet the bus je serai là à l'arrivée du car;
    ∎ he'll meet us at the station il viendra nous chercher à la gare;
    ∎ I'll send a car to meet you j'enverrai une voiture vous chercher ou vous prendre
    ∎ she came to meet us elle est venue à notre rencontre
    (e) (make acquaintance of) rencontrer, faire la connaissance de;
    ∎ I met him last year je l'ai rencontré ou j'ai fait sa connaissance l'année dernière;
    ∎ have you met my husband? vous connaissez mon mari?;
    ∎ I'd like you to meet Mr Jones j'aimerais vous présenter M. Jones;
    ∎ meet Mrs Dickens je vous présente Mme Dickens;
    ∎ (I'm very) glad or pleased to meet you enchanté (de faire votre connaissance);
    ∎ nice meeting you or to have met you enchanté d'avoir fait votre connaissance;
    ∎ she's the nicest person I've ever met c'est la personne la plus gentille que j'ai jamais rencontrée;
    ∎ I get to meet a lot of people in my job mon travail m'amène à rencontrer beaucoup de gens;
    ∎ I like meeting people j'aime rencontrer des gens
    (f) (satisfy) satisfaire, répondre à;
    ∎ to meet sb's requirements satisfaire aux besoins de qn;
    ∎ we couldn't meet their needs nous n'avons pu répondre à leurs besoins;
    ∎ supply isn't meeting demand l'offre est inférieure à la demande;
    ∎ it didn't meet my expectations ce n'était pas aussi bien que je l'espérais;
    ∎ figurative to meet sb halfway trouver un compromis avec qn;
    ∎ they decided to meet each other halfway ils décidèrent de couper la poire en deux
    (g) (settle) régler;
    ∎ I couldn't meet the payments je n'ai pas pu régler ou payer les échéances;
    ∎ to meet sb's expenses subvenir aux frais de qn;
    ∎ the cost will be met by the company les frais seront pris en charge par la compagnie
    (h) (face) rencontrer, affronter;
    ∎ he meets the champion on Saturday il rencontre le champion samedi;
    ∎ to meet an obstacle se heurter à ou rencontrer un obstacle;
    ∎ to meet the enemy affronter l'ennemi;
    ∎ how are we going to meet the challenge? comment allons-nous relever le défi?;
    ∎ to meet one's death trouver la mort
    ∎ it's the first case of this sort I've met c'est la première fois que je vois un cas semblable;
    ∎ his hand/mouth met hers leurs mains/bouches se rencontrèrent;
    ∎ my eyes met his nos regards se croisèrent ou se rencontrèrent;
    ∎ he couldn't meet her eye il ne pouvait pas la regarder dans les yeux
    (j) (treat) accueillir;
    ∎ his suggestion was met with howls of laughter sa proposition a été accueillie par des éclats de rire;
    ∎ we shall meet violence with violence à la violence, nous répondrons par la violence
    ∎ the stream meets the river le ruisseau se jette dans la rivière;
    ∎ where East meets West où l'est et l'ouest se rencontrent;
    ∎ here the road meets the railway c'est ici que la route rejoint ou croise le chemin de fer
    (a) (by chance) se rencontrer;
    ∎ we met on the stairs nous nous sommes croisés dans l'escalier
    (b) (by arrangement) se retrouver, se rejoindre, se donner rendez-vous;
    ∎ let's meet for lunch on déjeune ensemble?;
    ∎ shall we meet at the station? on se retrouve ou on se donne rendez-vous à la gare?;
    ∎ we arranged to meet at the station nous nous sommes donné rendez-vous à la gare;
    ∎ we should meet more often on devrait se voir plus souvent;
    ∎ they weren't to meet again for a long time ils ne devaient pas se revoir avant longtemps;
    ∎ I think they meet every day je crois qu'ils se voient tous les jours
    (c) (become acquainted) se rencontrer, faire connaissance;
    ∎ we first met in 1989 nous nous sommes rencontrés pour la première fois en 1989;
    ∎ have you two met? est-ce que vous vous connaissez déjà?, vous vous êtes déjà rencontrés?
    (d) (assemble) se réunir;
    ∎ the delegates will meet in the conference room les délégués se réuniront dans la salle de conférence;
    ∎ the committee meets once a month le comité se réunit une fois par mois;
    ∎ the classes have begun to meet les cours ont commencé
    (e) (join → lines, wires) se rencontrer, se joindre;
    ∎ the cross stands where four roads meet la croix se trouve à la jonction de quatre routes;
    ∎ their eyes met leurs regards se rencontrèrent ou se croisèrent;
    ∎ his eyebrows meet in the middle ses sourcils se touchent
    (f) (teams, opponents) se rencontrer, s'affronter; (armies) s'affronter, se heurter
    (g) (come into contact) se rencontrer;
    ∎ the two cars met head on les deux voitures se sont heurtées de plein fouet
    3 noun
    (a) British (in hunting) rendez-vous m (de chasse)
    (b) esp American Sport rencontre f;
    ∎ athletics meet rencontre f ou meeting m d'athlétisme
    archaic or formal (suitable) séant, convenable; (right) juste;
    ∎ it is only meet that they should be the ones to leave ce n'est que justice que ce soient eux qui partent;
    ∎ as was meet comme il convenait
    (by chance) se rencontrer; (by arrangement) se retrouver, se donner rendez-vous;
    ∎ to meet up with sb retrouver qn;
    ∎ we met up with them in Paris nous les avons retrouvés à Paris
    (a) (encounter → difficulty) rencontrer;
    ∎ they met with considerable difficulties ils ont rencontré d'énormes difficultés;
    ∎ the agreement met with general approval l'accord a reçu l'approbation générale;
    ∎ to meet with a refusal se heurter à ou essuyer un refus;
    ∎ the proposal has met with fierce opposition la proposition s'est heurtée à une opposition très vive;
    ∎ the expedition met with disaster l'expédition a tourné au désastre;
    ∎ the play met with great success la pièce a eu beaucoup de succès;
    ∎ I'm afraid your dog has met with an accident j'ai bien peur que votre chien n'ait eu un (petit) accident
    (b) esp American (person → by chance) rencontrer; (→ by arrangement) rejoindre, retrouver;
    ∎ I'm meeting with him tomorrow to discuss the budget je le vois demain pour discuter du budget;
    ∎ I'll meet with you after work je te retrouverai après le travail

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > meet

  • 5 acceptance

    acceptance [əkˈseptəns]
       a. [of invitation, gift] acceptation f ; [of proposal] consentement m (of à)
       b. ( = approval) approbation f
    * * *
    [ək'septəns]
    noun (of offer, invitation, bill, policy) acceptation f; (of plan, proposal) approbation f (of de)

    English-French dictionary > acceptance

  • 6 acceptance

    noun We have had few acceptances to our invitation.) aceptación
    acceptance n aceptación
    tr[ək'septəns]
    2 (approval) acogida
    acceptance [ɪk'sɛptənts, æk-] n
    : aceptación f, aprobación f
    n.
    • aprobación (Letra de cambio) s.f. (Bill of exchange)
    n.
    • acepto (Letra de cambio) (•Banca•) s.m.
    n.
    • aceptación s.f.
    • acogida s.f.
    • adición s.f.
    • admisión s.f.
    • asenso s.m.
    • conforme s.m.
    ək'səptəns
    1) u c (of offer, responsibility) aceptación f
    2) u ( approval) aprobación f
    [ǝk'septǝns]
    1. N
    1) [of gift, invitation, apology, offer, cheque] aceptación f
    2) (=approval) aprobación f, acogida f
    2.
    CPD

    acceptance credit N — crédito m de aceptación

    acceptance speech N — discurso m de recepción, discurso m de aceptación

    * * *
    [ək'səptəns]
    1) u c (of offer, responsibility) aceptación f
    2) u ( approval) aprobación f

    English-spanish dictionary > acceptance

  • 7 acceptance

    noun
    1) (willing receipt) Annahme, die; (of gift, offer) Annahme, die; Entgegennahme, die; (of duty, responsibility) Übernahme, die; (in answer) Zusage, die; (agreement) Annahme, die; Zustimmung, die (of zu)
    2) no pl. (approval) Billigung, die
    3) no pl. (acknowledg[e]ment) Anerkennung, die; (toleration) Hinnahme, die
    * * *
    noun We have had few acceptances to our invitation.)
    * * *
    ac·cept·ance
    [əkˈseptən(t)s]
    n
    1. no pl (accepting) of an invitation, offer, proposal, cheque Annahme f; of idea Zustimmung f
    2. (positive answer) Zusage f
    letter of \acceptance schriftliche Zusage
    3. no pl (toleration) Hinnahme f
    4. no pl (recognition) Anerkennung f, Akzeptanz f geh
    there is a general \acceptance that... man ist sich allgemein einig, dass...
    to gain \acceptance Anerkennung bekommen
    to meet with general \acceptance allgemeine Anerkennung finden
    5. FIN Akzept nt
    clean [or general] \acceptance uneingeschränktes [o reines] Akzept
    partial \acceptance Teilakzept nt
    qualified/uncovered \acceptance eingeschränktes/ungedecktes Akzept
    to procure \acceptance Akzept einholen
    6. PHYS
    \acceptance angle Einfangwinkel m
    \acceptance test [or testing] Annahmeprüfung f
    * * *
    [ək'septəns]
    n
    1) (of offer, gift, excuse) Annahme f; (of suggestion, work also, report, findings) Akzeptierung f; (of responsibility) Übernahme f; (= believing of story) Glauben nt; (= receiving of award) Entgegennahme f

    his acceptance into the family — seine Aufnahme in der or die Familie

    to find or win or gain acceptance (theories, people) — anerkannt werden, Anerkennung finden

    2) (= recognition of need, fact) Anerkennung f
    3) (= toleration of behaviour, fate, conditions) Hinnahme f
    4) (COMM) (of cheque, orders) Annahme f; (of delivery also) Abnahme f
    * * *
    1. Annahme f, Entgegennahme f
    2. Akzeptierung f:
    acceptance of life Lebensbejahung f
    3. Hinnahme f
    4. Anerkennung f:
    gain ( oder win) acceptance Anerkennung finden;
    his ideas have gained ( oder met with, won) general acceptance werden allgemein anerkannt oder haben sich durchgesetzt
    5. → academic.ru/319/acceptation">acceptation
    6. Aufnahme f ( into in akk)
    7. WIRTSCH
    a) Akzept n, angenommener Wechsel
    b) Akzept n, Annahme f (eines Wechsels)
    c) Annahmeerklärung f, -vermerk m
    8. JUR Zustimmung f, Vertragsannahme f
    9. ZOOL Brunst(zeit) f (weiblicher Haustiere)
    acc. abk
    1. TECH acceleration
    2. WIRTSCH acceptance
    4. WIRTSCH account
    5. LING accusative
    acpt. abk WIRTSCH acceptance
    * * *
    noun
    1) (willing receipt) Annahme, die; (of gift, offer) Annahme, die; Entgegennahme, die; (of duty, responsibility) Übernahme, die; (in answer) Zusage, die; (agreement) Annahme, die; Zustimmung, die (of zu)
    2) no pl. (approval) Billigung, die
    3) no pl. (acknowledgement) Anerkennung, die; (toleration) Hinnahme, die
    * * *
    n.
    Abnahme -n f.
    Akzeptanz f.
    Annahme -n f.

    English-german dictionary > acceptance

  • 8 applause

    1. n аплодисменты, рукоплескания; овация

    a storm of applause — бурные аплодисменты, овация

    to rise in applause — аплодировать стоя; устраивать овацию

    tremendous applause — бурные аплодисменты, овация

    2. n восхищение, одобрение
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. bravo (noun) bravo; cheer; clapping; ovation; salvo
    2. praise (noun) acclaim; acclamation; accolades; approval; audience approval; cheers; commendation; compliment; compliments; hand-clapping; kudos; plaudit; plaudits; praise
    3. applaud (verb) acclaim; applaud; approve; cheer; clap; praise
    Антонимический ряд:
    booing; condemnation; derision; disapprobation; disapproval; dissatisfaction; hissing

    English-Russian base dictionary > applause

  • 9 acceptance

    acceptance [ək'septəns]
    1 noun
    (a) (of gift, invitation, apology) acceptation f
    (b) (assent → to proposal, suggestion) consentement m;
    ∎ his acceptance of his fate sa résignation devant son sort
    (c) (to club, school, university, group) admission f;
    ∎ University she's got two provisional acceptances (for university) elle a été provisoirement admise dans deux universités
    (d) (approval, favour) approbation f, réception f favorable;
    ∎ his suggestion met with everyone's acceptance tout le monde approuva sa suggestion;
    ∎ the idea is gaining acceptance l'idée fait son chemin
    ∎ there is general acceptance now that smoking causes cancer il est généralement reconnu maintenant que le tabac provoque le cancer
    (f) Commerce (of goods) réception f; Finance (of bill of exchange) acceptation f; (document) effet m accepté, effet m à payer;
    ∎ Finance to present a bill for acceptance présenter un effet ou une traite à l'acceptation
    ►► American Banking acceptance bank banque f d'acceptation;
    Finance acceptance bill effet m ou traite f contre acceptation;
    Finance acceptance fee commission f d'acceptation;
    American Banking acceptance house maison f d'acceptation;
    acceptance speech discours m de réception;
    Computing & Technology acceptance test, acceptance trial test m d'acceptabilité

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > acceptance

  • 10 that

    1. adjective,
    pl. those
    1) dieser/diese/dieses
    2) (expr. strong feeling) der/die/das

    never will I forget that day — den Tag werde ich nie vergessen

    3) (coupled or contrasted with ‘this’) der/die/das [da]
    2. pronoun,
    pl. those
    1) der/die/das

    who is that in the garden? — wer ist das [da] im Garten?

    what bird is that? — was für ein Vogel ist das?

    and [all] that — und so weiter

    like that — (of the kind or in the way mentioned, of that character) so

    [just] like that — (without effort, thought) einfach so

    don't talk like that — hör auf, so zu reden

    he is like that — so ist er eben

    that is [to say] — (introducing explanation) das heißt; (introducing reservation) das heißt; genauer gesagt

    if they'd have me, that is — das heißt, wenn sie mich nehmen

    that's more like it — (of suggestion, news) das hört sich schon besser an; (of action, work) das sieht schon besser aus

    that's right! — (expr. approval) gut od. recht so; (iron.) nur so weiter!; (coll.): (expr. assent) jawohl

    that's a good etc. boy/girl — das ist lieb [von dir, mein Junge/Mädchen]; (with request) sei so lieb usw.

    somebody/something is not as... as all that — (coll.) so... ist jemand/etwas nun auch wieder nicht

    [so] that's that — (it's finished) so, das wär's; (it's settled) so ist es nun mal

    you are not going to the party, and that's that! — du gehst nicht zu der Party, und damit Schluss!

    2) (Brit.): (person spoken to)

    who is that? — wer ist da?; (behind wall etc.) wer ist denn da?; (on telephone) wer ist am Apparat?

    3. relative pronoun, pl. same
    der/die/das

    the people that you got it from — die Leute, von denen du es bekommen hast

    the box that you put the apples in — die Kiste, in die du die Äpfel getan hast

    is he the man that you saw last night? — ist das der Mann, den Sie gestern Abend gesehen haben?

    everyone that I know — jeder, den ich kenne

    this is all [the money] that I have — das ist alles [Geld], was ich habe

    4. adverb
    (coll.) so

    he may be daft, but he's not [all] that daft — er mag ja blöd sein, aber so blöd [ist er] auch wieder nicht

    5. relative adverb
    der/die/das

    at the speed that he was going — bei der Geschwindigkeit, die er hatte

    the day that I first met her — der Tag, an dem ich sie zum ersten Mal sah

    6. conjunction
    1) (introducing statement; expr. result, reason or cause) dass
    2) (expr. purpose)

    [in order] that — damit

    * * *
    1. [ðæt] plural - those; adjective
    (used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) jene/-r/-s
    2. pronoun
    (used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) der/die/das
    3. [ðət, ðæt] relative pronoun
    (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man( that) you were talking to?) der/die/das
    4. [ðət, ðæt] conjunction
    1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised( that) he had gone.) daß
    2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) daß(doch)
    5. adverb
    (so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) so
    - academic.ru/117188/like_that">like that
    - that's that
    * * *
    [ðæt,ðət]
    1. (person, thing specified) der/die/das
    put \that box down before you drop it stell die Kiste ab, bevor du sie [womöglich] noch fallen lässt
    who is \that girl? wer ist das Mädchen?
    what was \that noise? was war das für ein Geräusch?
    \that old liar! dieser alte Lügner!
    \that... of hers/theirs ihr(e)...
    I've never liked \that uncle of hers ich habe ihren Onkel noch nie gemocht
    \that... of mine/his mein(e)/dein(e)...
    2. (person, thing farther away) der/die/das [... dort [o da]], jene(r, s) geh
    do you know \that girl [over there] kennst du das Mädchen [dort]
    give me \that book, not this one gib mir das Buch [da], nicht dieses
    1. dem (person, thing, action specified) das
    \that's not right — three times five is fifteen das stimmt nicht — drei mal fünf ist fünfzehn
    they all think \that das denken alle
    \that's more like it! das ist doch schon gleich viel besser!
    \that's a good idea das ist eine gute Idee
    \that's a pity das ist aber schade
    \that's terrible das ist ja furchtbar
    \that will do, \that's enough das reicht
    what's \that you said? was hast du gesagt?
    who's \that? is \that the girl you're looking for? wer ist das? ist das das Mädchen, das du suchst?
    who's \that on the phone? wer spricht da?
    hello, is \that Ben? hallo, bist du das, Ben?
    is \that you making all the noise, John? bist du das, der so einen Lärm macht, John?
    it's just a gimmick — \that said, I'd love to do it das ist nur ein Trick — dennoch würde ich es gerne machen
    take \that! (when hitting sb) [das ist] für dich!
    \that's why deshalb
    2. dem (person, thing farther away) das [da [o dort]]
    I don't want this, give me \that dies hier will ich nicht, gib mir das [da]
    \that's his wife over there das da [o dort] drüben ist seine Frau
    3. dem (indicating time) das
    ah, 1985, \that was a good year ah, 1985, das war ein gutes Jahr
    \that was yesterday \that we talked on the phone, not last week wir haben gestern, nicht letzte Woche telefoniert
    4. dem, after prep
    after/before \that danach/davor
    by \that damit
    what do you mean by \that? was soll das heißen?
    like \that (in such a way) so; (of such a kind) derartig; ( fam: effortlessly) einfach so
    if you hold it like \that, it will break wenn du das so hältst, geht es kaputt
    we need more people like \that wir brauchen mehr solche Leute
    don't talk like \that sprich nicht so
    he can't just leave like \that er kann nicht einfach so verschwinden
    over/under \that darüber/darunter
    with \that damit
    [and] with \that he hung up [und] damit legte er auf
    “I still think you're wrong” he said and with \that he drove off „ich denke immer noch, dass du Unrecht hast“ sagte er und fuhr davon
    5. dem ( form: the one) der/die/das
    his appearance was \that of an undergrown man er sah aus, als ob er zu klein gewachsen wäre
    his handwriting is \that of a child seine Handschrift ist die eines Kindes
    we are often afraid of \that which we cannot understand wir fürchten uns oft vor dem, was wir nicht verstehen
    are you relieved? — [oh yes,]I am \that bist du erleichtert? — das kannst du [aber] laut sagen fam
    well, \that's it, we've finished o.k., das war's [o wär's], wir sind fertig
    \that's it! I'm not putting up with any more of her rudeness jetzt reicht's! ich lasse mir ihre Unverschämtheiten nicht mehr gefallen
    she left the room and \that was \that, I never saw her again sie verließ den Raum und das war's, ich habe sie nie wiedergesehen
    I won't agree to it and \that's \that ich stimme dem nicht zu, und damit Schluss
    \that'll [or \that should] do, \that should be enough das wird reichen
    no thanks, \that'll do [or \that's everything] nein danke, das ist alles
    8. rel (which, who) der/die/das
    \that's the car [\that] John wants to buy das ist das Auto, das John kaufen möchte
    I can't find the books [\that] I got from the library ich finde die Bücher nicht, die ich mir aus der Bibliothek ausgeliehen habe
    the baby smiles at anyone \that smiles at her das Baby lächelt alle an, die es anlächeln
    simpleton \that he is... als Einfaltspinsel, der er ist,...
    9. rel (when) als
    the year \that Anna was born das Jahr, in dem Anna geboren wurde
    10.
    ▶ and [all] \that ( fam) und so weiter
    ▶ at \that noch dazu
    she was a thief and a clever one at \that sie war eine Diebin, und eine kluge noch dazu
    ▶ \that is [to say] das heißt
    the hotel is closed during low seasons, \that is from October to March das Hotel ist in der Nebensaison, sprich von Oktober bis März, geschlossen
    ▶ this and \that dies und das
    ▶ \that was ( form)
    General Dunstaple married Miss Hughes \that was General Dunstaple heiratete die frühere Miss Hughes
    1. (as subject/object) dass
    \that such a thing could happen gave me new hope dass so etwas passieren konnte gab mir neue Hoffnung
    I knew [\that] he'd never get here on time ich wusste, dass er niemals rechtzeitig hier sein würde
    the fact is [\that] we... Fakt ist, dass wir...
    2. after adj, vb (as a result)
    it was so dark [\that] I couldn't see anything es war so dunkel, dass ich nichts sehen konnte
    so [or in order] \that damit
    let's go over the rules again in order \that... gehen wir die Regeln nochmal[s] durch, damit...
    4. after adj (in apposition to ‘it’)
    it's possible [\that] there'll be a vacancy es ist möglich, dass eine Stelle frei wird
    is it true [\that] she's gone back to teaching? stimmt es, dass sie wieder als Lehrerin arbeitet?
    considering [\that]... wenn man bedenkt, dass...
    given \that... vorausgesetzt, dass...
    supposing [\that]... angenommen, dass...
    6. (as a reason) weil, da [ja]
    it's rather \that I'm not well today es ist eher deshalb, weil ich mich heute nicht wohl fühle
    I'd like to go, it's just \that I don't have any time ich würde ja gern hingehen, ich hab' bloß [einfach] keine Zeit fam
    now \that we've bought a house... jetzt, wo wir ein Haus gekauft haben..
    we can't increase our production quantities in \that the machines are presently working to full capacity wir können die Produktion nicht hochfahren, da [nämlich] die Maschinen derzeit voll ausgelastet sind
    not \that it's actually my business, but... nicht, dass es mich etwas anginge, aber...
    except [\that] außer, dass
    his plan sounds perfect except [\that] I don't want to be involved in such a scheme sein Plan hört sich großartig an, nur will ich mit so einem Vorhaben nichts zu tun haben
    to the extent \that (so much that) dermaßen... dass; (insofar as) insofern als
    the situation has worsened to the extend \that we are calling in an independent expert die Situation hat sich dermaßen verschlimmert, dass wir einen unabhängigen Fachmann hinzuziehen
    apes are like people to the extent \that they have some human characteristics Affen sind wie Menschen, insofern als sie gewisse menschliche Eigenschaften haben
    oh \that I were young again! wäre ich doch nochmal jung!
    oh \that they would listen! wenn sie [doch] nur zuhören würden!
    IV. ADVERB
    inv so
    she's too young to walk \that far sie ist zu jung, um so weit laufen zu können
    it wasn't [all] \that good so gut war es [nun] auch wieder nicht
    his words hurt me \that much I cried seine Worte haben mich so verletzt, dass ich weinte
    * * *
    I [ðt] (weak form) [ðət]
    1. dem pron pl those
    1) das

    that is Joe ( over there) —

    who is that speaking? — wer spricht (denn) da?; (on phone)

    if she's as unhappy/stupid etc as (all) that — wenn sie so or derart unglücklich/dumm etc ist

    I didn't think she'd get/be as angry as that — ich hätte nicht gedacht, dass sie sich so ärgern würde

    ... and all that —... und so (inf)

    like that — so

    with luck/talent like that... — bei solchem or so einem (inf) Glück/Talent...

    that's got that/him out of the way — so, das wäre geschafft/den wären wir los

    that's what I'm here for — dafür bin ich ja hier, das ist meine Aufgabe

    oh well, that's that —

    there, that's that — so, das wärs

    you can't go and that's that — du darfst nicht gehen, und damit hat sichs or und damit basta (inf)

    well, that's that then — das wärs dann also

    will he come? – that he will (dial) — kommt er? – (der?) bestimmt

    2)

    (after prep) after/before/below/over that — danach/davor/darunter/darüber

    and... at that — und dabei...

    you can get it in any supermarket and quite cheaply at that — man kann es in jedem Supermarkt, und zwar ganz billig, bekommen

    what do you mean by that? (not understanding) — was wollen Sie damit sagen?; (amazed, annoyed) was soll (denn) das heißen?

    if things have or if it has come to that —

    with that she got up and left/burst into tears — damit stand sie auf und ging/brach sie in Tränen aus

    See:
    → leave
    3) (opposed to "this" and "these") das (da), jenes (old, geh)

    that's the one I like, not this one — das (dort) mag ich, nicht dies (hier)

    4)

    (followed by rel pron) this theory is different from that which... — diese Theorie unterscheidet sich von derjenigen, die...

    that which we call... — das, was wir... nennen

    2. dem adj pl those
    1) der/die/das, jene(r, s)

    that child/dog! — dieses Kind/dieser Hund!

    2) (in opposition to this) der/die/das

    I'd like that one, not this one — ich möchte das da, nicht dies hier

    3)

    (with poss) that dog of yours! — Ihr Hund, dieser Hund von Ihnen

    what about that plan of yours now? — wie steht es denn jetzt mit Ihrem Plan?, was ist denn nun mit Ihrem Plan?

    3. dem adv (inf)
    so

    it's not that good/cold etc —

    it's not that good a film — SO ein guter Film ist es nun auch wieder nicht

    II
    rel pron
    1) der/die/das, die

    all/nothing/everything etc that... — alles/nichts/alles etc, was...

    the best/cheapest etc that... — das Beste/Billigste etc, das or was...

    the girl that I told you about — das Mädchen, von dem ich Ihnen erzählt habe

    no-one has come that I know of — meines Wissens or soviel ich weiß, ist niemand gekommen

    2)

    (with expressions of time) the minute that he came the phone rang — genau in dem Augenblick, als er kam, klingelte das Telefon

    the day that we spent on the beach was one of the hottest — der Tag, den wir am Strand verbrachten, war einer der heißesten

    the day that... — an dem Tag, als...

    III
    conj
    1) dass

    he said that it was wrong — er sagte, es sei or wäre (inf) falsch, er sagte, dass es falsch sei or wäre

    not that I want to do it — nicht (etwa), dass ich das tun wollte

    See:
    → so
    2)

    (in exclamations) that things or it should come to this! —

    3) (obs, liter: in order that) auf dass (old)
    * * *
    that1 [ðæt]
    A pron & adj (hinweisend) pl those [ðəʊz]
    1. (ohne pl) das:
    that is true das stimmt;
    that’s all das ist alles;
    that’s it!
    a) so ists recht!,
    b) das ist es ja (gerade)!;
    that’s what it is das ist es ja gerade;
    that’s that umg das wäre erledigt, damit basta;
    well, that was that! umg aus der Traum!;
    that is (to say) das heißt;
    and that und zwar;
    a) trotzdem,
    b) zudem, (noch) obendrein;
    for all that trotz alledem;
    that’s what he told me so hat er es mir erzählt;
    that’s a good boy sei schön brav!; → leave1 A 2
    2. (besonders von weiter entfernten Personen etc sowie zur Betonung und pej) jener, jene, jenes:
    this cake is much better than that (one) dieser Kuchen ist viel besser als jener;
    that car over there das Auto da drüben;
    look at that hat schau dir mal diesen komischen Hut an!;
    those who diejenigen, welche;
    that which das, was;
    those were his words das waren seine Worte
    3. solch(er, e, es):
    to that degree that … in solchem Ausmaße oder so sehr, dass …
    B adv umg so (sehr), dermaßen:
    that far so weit;
    that furious so oder dermaßen wütend;
    not all that good so gut auch wieder nicht;
    he can’t be that ill so krank kann er gar nicht sein;
    that much so viel;
    it’s that simple so einfach ist das
    that2 [ðət; ðæt] pl that rel pr
    1. ( in einschränkenden Sätzen; eine präp darf nie davor stehen) der, die, das, welch(er, e, es):
    the book that he wanted das Buch, das er wünschte;
    the man that I spoke of der Mann, von dem ich sprach;
    the day that I met her der Tag, an dem ich sie traf;
    any house that jedes Haus, das;
    no one that keiner, der;
    Mrs Jones, Miss Black that was umg Frau Jones, geborene Black;
    Mrs Quilp that is umg die jetzige Frau Quilp
    2. ( nach all, everything, nothing etc) was:
    all that alles, was;
    the best that das Beste, was
    that3 [ðət; ðæt] konj
    it is a pity that he is not here es ist schade, dass er nicht hier ist;
    it is 5 years that he went away es ist nun 5 Jahre her, dass oder seitdem er fortging;
    I am not sure that it will be there ich bin nicht sicher, ob oder dass es dort ist oder sein wird
    so that sodass;
    I was so tired that I went to bed ich war so müde, dass ich zu Bett ging
    3. (in Finalsätzen) damit, dass:
    we went there that we might see it wir gingen hin, um es zu sehen
    4. (in Kausalsätzen) weil, da (ja), dass:
    not that I have any objection nicht, dass ich etwas dagegen hätte;
    it is rather that … es ist eher deshalb, weil …;
    a) darum, weil,
    b) insofern, als
    o that I could believe it! dass ich es doch glauben könnte!
    now that jetzt, da;
    at the time that I was born zu der Zeit, als ich geboren wurde
    * * *
    1. adjective,
    pl. those
    1) dieser/diese/dieses
    2) (expr. strong feeling) der/die/das
    3) (coupled or contrasted with ‘this’) der/die/das [da]
    2. pronoun,
    pl. those
    1) der/die/das

    who is that in the garden? — wer ist das [da] im Garten?

    and [all] that — und so weiter

    like that — (of the kind or in the way mentioned, of that character) so

    [just] like that — (without effort, thought) einfach so

    don't talk like that — hör auf, so zu reden

    that is [to say] — (introducing explanation) das heißt; (introducing reservation) das heißt; genauer gesagt

    if they'd have me, that is — das heißt, wenn sie mich nehmen

    that's more like it — (of suggestion, news) das hört sich schon besser an; (of action, work) das sieht schon besser aus

    that's right! — (expr. approval) gut od. recht so; (iron.) nur so weiter!; (coll.): (expr. assent) jawohl

    that's a good etc. boy/girl — das ist lieb [von dir, mein Junge/Mädchen]; (with request) sei so lieb usw.

    somebody/something is not as... as all that — (coll.) so... ist jemand/etwas nun auch wieder nicht

    [so] that's that — (it's finished) so, das wär's; (it's settled) so ist es nun mal

    you are not going to the party, and that's that! — du gehst nicht zu der Party, und damit Schluss!

    2) (Brit.): (person spoken to)

    who is that? — wer ist da?; (behind wall etc.) wer ist denn da?; (on telephone) wer ist am Apparat?

    3. relative pronoun, pl. same
    der/die/das

    the people that you got it from — die Leute, von denen du es bekommen hast

    the box that you put the apples in — die Kiste, in die du die Äpfel getan hast

    is he the man that you saw last night? — ist das der Mann, den Sie gestern Abend gesehen haben?

    everyone that I know — jeder, den ich kenne

    this is all [the money] that I have — das ist alles [Geld], was ich habe

    4. adverb
    (coll.) so

    he may be daft, but he's not [all] that daft — er mag ja blöd sein, aber so blöd [ist er] auch wieder nicht

    5. relative adverb
    der/die/das

    at the speed that he was going — bei der Geschwindigkeit, die er hatte

    the day that I first met her — der Tag, an dem ich sie zum ersten Mal sah

    6. conjunction
    1) (introducing statement; expr. result, reason or cause) dass
    2) (expr. purpose)

    [in order] that — damit

    * * *
    adj.
    dasjenig pron.
    dies adj. conj.
    dass konj. pron.
    das pron.
    derjenig pron.
    diejenig pron.
    dies pron.
    welch pron.
    welcher pron.
    welches pron.

    English-german dictionary > that

  • 11 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

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